This instrumental activity led to the abandonment of the strict serial style and made room for improvisational and aleatory techniques. From 1948 to 1953 he studied violin with Jewsey Wulf and Oscar Back, counterpoint with George Stam, and composition with Kees van Baaren at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague. He followed his study in electronic music at the Institute for Sonology in Utrecht with Gottfried Michael Koenig. He worked in the Studio of Sonology in Utrecht, at NTSU in Denton (Texas 1972), at the State University of New York in Albany, and in the studio of Radio Hilversum. From 1973 he was director of Studio Five Roses and his electro-instrumental group I.C.E.